Pregnancy has been called one of the most life-altering and rewarding experiences in a woman's life. But for pregnant women with asthma, it can come with a decent amount of worry as well. How does pregnancy influence asthma symptoms? Will medication hurt the baby? Can an asthma attack be risky at delivery? These are all familiar fears and the good news is, with careful control, women with asthma can and do have healthy, uncomplicated pregnancies.
Asthma and Pregnancy: What Doctors Want Expectant Moms to Know
Asthma is a chronic disease in which inflammation narrows the airways and makes breathing harder. Hormonal shifts during pregnancy may affect asthma in different ways. Approximately one-third of pregnant women with asthma have worsening symptoms, especially in the second trimester. Another third notice improvement, and the remaining experience no change. Since it's unpredictable, careful monitoring is necessary.
What is key to remember is that uncontrolled asthma poses a greater risk than most of the asthma medications taken by pregnant women. In case asthma symptoms worsen or an attack lowers the level of oxygen in the mother's blood, it could limit the supply of oxygen to the fetus. This can result in conditions such as low birth weight, premature delivery, or in extreme cases, preeclampsia.
Physicians highly advise pregnant women not to stop taking medications prescribed to them, particularly inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, as these are deemed safe. Halting drug intake due to fear may prove to be worse. Steering clear of known triggers like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, cigarette smoke, and some pollutants—is also vital. Having good indoor air quality, having allergen-proof bedding, and avoiding cigarette smokers can help greatly.
Remaining physically active, with a physician's permission, can be good for the mother and baby but beware of overexertion. Every woman's situation is different, so regular prenatal exams and monitoring of lung function are crucial. Some obstetricians work with pulmonologists to create a treatment regimen based on what the mother needs, which changes over time.
It's also recommended to receive the flu and Tdap (pertussis, or whooping cough) vaccines while pregnant. Respiratory illness can worsen asthma symptoms and cause severe complications for both the mother and child. Having a written asthma action plan can help empower women to identify early warning signs and act promptly during flare-ups.
Pregnancy does not have to be intimidating for women with asthma. With regular care, honest communication with healthcare professionals, and active management, most women can expect a trouble-free pregnancy, uncomplicated delivery, and healthy baby.
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This article is authored by DrSunita Chouhan, Consultant, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Indore.
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