Anti-Seizure Medications During Pregnancy: Are They Safe? Expert Insights Inside

For many patients, epilepsy should not be a barrier to having children, but it comes with its own set of challenges that require careful planning. The impact of seizures and the medications used to manage them raise specific concerns during pregnancy. 

Is it safe to continue these medications while pregnant, and could they pose risks to the baby? We spoke with Dr N Sapna Lulla, Lead Consultant - Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore to gain her expert insights on the matter.

Is It Safe For Pregnant Women To Take Anti-Seizure Medications?

Most women with epilepsy can expect to have a healthy baby, with the risk of congenital malformations being low, especially if certain medications are avoided during the peri-conception period. Dr Lulla told us, "Factors influencing the safety of these medications include the specific type of anti-seizure drug prescribed, the dosage, the timing of administration during pregnancy, and the individual health conditions of the mother."

Medications like Carbamazepine and Lamotrigine have limited evidence to suggest they don't impact the neurodevelopment of the baby. Similarly, there is little evidence linking Levetiracetam and Phenytoin to developmental issues in children. 

However, according to a research study by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, pregnancy can lead to an increased clearance of certain antiseizure medications, such as Levetiracetam, Lamotrigine, and Oxcarbazepine. This can cause a drop in serum levels by 35% or more, which may increase the risk of seizures during pregnancy. Therefore, it is recommended to monitor serum levels of these medications at least once per trimester. 

More frequent monitoring may be necessary if there are clinical changes, such as an increase in seizure frequency or the appearance of adverse effects.

Don't Miss: Recurrent Miscarriages: What Is It, Causes, Treatment, and More, As Per Gynaecologist

Specific Risks Associated With Taking Anti-seizure Medications During Pregnancy

Dr Lulla advises that the use of anti-seizure medications during pregnancy raises several specific concerns regarding potential risks. It is essential to consider the implications these medications may have on both maternal health and fetal development. She said, "Pregnant individuals who require such treatments must be closely monitored, as certain anti-seizure drugs have been linked to an increased likelihood of congenital malformations and developmental issues in the offspring. The management of certain seizure disorders during pregnancy necessitates a careful balance between controlling seizures and minimizing the risk of adverse effects on the fetus, which can complicate treatment decisions."

Therefore, a thorough discussion with healthcare providers is crucial to ensure the safety and well-being of both the mother and the developing child.

Precautions For Pregnant Women On Anti-seizure Medications 

Dr Lulla recommends several precautionary tips for women on anti-seizure medications during pregnancy:

Dr Lulla suggested that "It is crucial for these women to maintain open communication with their healthcare providers, ensuring that they receive tailored advice regarding medication management throughout their pregnancy."

She told us, "Regular monitoring of both maternal and fetal health is imperative, as adjustments to medication dosages may be necessary to minimize potential risks. Additionally, pregnant women should be educated about the possible side effects of their medications and the importance of adhering to prescribed treatment plans. Engaging in a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular prenatal care, can further enhance their well-being and that of their baby. Furthermore, it is advisable for these women to seek support from healthcare professionals and support groups to navigate the complexities of managing their condition during pregnancy effectively."

Don't Miss: Having A Baby At 40: Benefits, Risks, And What You Need To Know, As Per Gynaecologist

With the right preparation and medical care, many women with epilepsy have healthy pregnancies and deliver healthy babies. Always consult with your healthcare provider to make informed decisions and reduce risks to you and your baby.

Keep reading Herzindagi for more such stories.

Credits: Freepik