Is Pain During Sex Normal for Women? Gynaecologist Explains Causes and Solutions

For many women, the experience of pain during sex can be both frustrating and distressing. This common condition, known as dyspareunia, affects women of all ages and can range from mild discomfort to severe pain. Despite its prevalence, the topic is often shrouded in embarrassment, causing many women to suffer in silence. However, Dr Manvi Verma, Consultant Cosmetic Gynaecologist and Female Sexologist at Motherhood Hospital in Kharghar, insists that this pain should not be ignored and that there are several underlying causes that need to be addressed.

What Causes Painful Sex?

While occasional discomfort may happen due to dryness or stress, persistent or severe pain during sex is not something women should simply accept as normal. According to Dr Verma, "Pain during sex is not something that should be overlooked, as it could be a sign of an underlying health issue that requires professional attention." Dyspareunia can stem from both physical and emotional causes, and it’s essential for women to understand these factors to seek proper treatment.

Physical Causes of Pain During Intercourse

There are various physical conditions that can contribute to pain during sex:

• Vaginal Dryness: Hormonal changes, particularly during menopause, breastfeeding, or stress, can lead to low lubrication, causing friction and discomfort during intercourse. Dr Verma explains, "Hormonal fluctuations are one of the most common causes of vaginal dryness, leading to pain."
• Infections: Vaginal infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can result in burning, itching, or pain during intimacy.
• Pelvic Floor Muscle Tension: Tight pelvic muscles can lead to deep pain during penetration. This can be exacerbated by stress or anxiety.
• Endometriosis or Fibroids: Conditions like endometriosis or fibroids can cause severe pelvic pain, particularly during or after intercourse.

Psychological Factors Contributing to Pain During Sex

Pain during sex is not always purely physical. Emotional factors such as anxiety, past trauma, or relationship stress can also play a significant role. According to Dr Verma, "Emotional and psychological stress can lead to muscle tension, reduced arousal, and ultimately pain. These issues can be just as impactful as any physical condition."

When Should Women Seek Help for Pain During Sex?

Dr Verma advises that persistent pain should never be ignored. "If the pain is constant or worsening, it's essential to consult a specialist. Painful intercourse could indicate conditions such as infections, pelvic floor dysfunction, or even hormonal imbalances," she says. Women should prioritise their sexual health and not shy away from seeking professional advice.

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Tips on Dealing with Pain During Sex

• Communication: Dr Verma encourages women to have open conversations with their partners. This can reduce anxiety and help identify any issues contributing to pain.
• Consultation: Seeking the help of a qualified gynaecologist is key to diagnosing the underlying cause of the pain. Early intervention can prevent long-term issues.
• Self-care and Relaxation: Stress management and pelvic floor exercises can help alleviate muscle tension and improve sexual comfort.

Pain during sex is a serious issue that affects many women, yet it often remains undiscussed. As Dr Verma points out, it’s crucial for women to understand that this discomfort is not ‘normal’ and requires professional attention. If you’re experiencing pain, don’t suffer in silence, consult with a gynaecologist to identify the cause and seek appropriate treatment.

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