Stomach ache in children is far from uncommon and rarely becomes a cause of worry for parents, who often dismiss it as something minor like indigestion or constipation. While this is true in a lot of cases, stomach ache that keeps coming back even after dietary changes can also be a sign of a deeper underlying problem. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a condition that leads to inflammation of the digestive tract, and is sometimes responsible for the abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue being faced by kids. The National Library of Medicine states that approximately 10-20% of newly diagnosed IBD patients are under 18 years of age. The disease usually progresses faster in children and adolescents, and is capable of impacting growth, nutrition, and overall quality of life in the long run. So, detecting IBD in time is important to safeguard the child from unnecessary discomfort and to prevent complications.
This article is authored byDr Kandarp Nath Saxena, Consultant -Gastrointestinal Science, Manipal Hospital, Jaipur.
IBD in kids: signs, risks, and why early care matters
What parents should know about Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a broad term for conditions like Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, which cause swelling and inflammation of tissues in the digestive tract. It is a mild problem for a lot of individuals, but can also significantly impact both emotional physical development, especially in children. It can lead to growth failure because of chronic inflammation and poor absorption of nutrients in the body. Children with IBD are also at a greater risk of developing arthritis, liver disease, skin conditions, as well as intestinal issues.
If the disease is diagnosed early, a lot of such complications can be avoided with the right medical care. It is diagnosis by Colonoscopy (live camera assisted examination of colon). The first line of treatment is usually anti-inflammatory medications and changes in nutrition. If these options fail, a colectomy is suggested as a long-term solution. This surgical procedure involves removing the entire colon with the creation of a new pathway for waste.
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How IBD differs from typical stomach pain
Unlike routine gastrointestinal discomfort, IBD presents with a pattern of symptoms that go beyond the occasional upset stomach. Here are key signs to watch for:
- Persistent or recurring pain:Unlike gas, IBD-related pain often centers in the lower abdomen and lasts weeks or months.
- Unexplained weight loss:Poor absorption of nutrients can lead to significant weight changes, even with a normal appetite.
- Chronic diarrhea or bloody stools:This is a red flag. If the child regularly has loose stools, especially with blood or mucus, it’s worth investigating.
- Fatigue and low energy:Chronic inflammation taxes the body, often leading to tiredness and even anemia.
- Delayed growth or puberty:In children, IBD can interfere with physical development.
Managing IBD in children requires more than controlling inflammation. It calls for a comprehensive, long-term approach that supports healthy growth, emotional resilience, and overall well-being. With significant advances in medical treatments, nutrition-based therapies, and surgical care, children diagnosed with IBD today have a much better chance of living active, fulfilling lives. Early diagnosis, consistent monitoring, and individualized care plans can help reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life.
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