Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) in Women: Silent Symptoms, Causes, and Risks You Must Know

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a serious infection of the female reproductive organs that often goes unnoticed. Dr Ronak Khandelwal, Consultant - Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Motherhood Hospitals, Greater Noida, warns that PID can cause irreversible damage if left untreated. “Women may feel healthy but still be at risk of lifelong complications, including infertility,” he says. Understanding PID and seeking timely medical guidance is crucial for protecting reproductive health.

What Causes Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

PID typically occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria, most commonly chlamydia or gonorrhoea, spread from the vagina to the upper reproductive tract, affecting the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Dr Khandelwal notes that unmanaged STIs, multiple sexual partners without protection, a previous history of PID, and unsafe abortion or childbirth practices significantly increase the risk. Additionally, using unhygienic menstrual products or poor genital hygiene may also contribute to infection.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Signs and Symptoms

One of the most dangerous aspects of PID is that it can be asymptomatic. When symptoms appear, they may include:

• Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
• Abnormal vaginal discharge
• Painful urination or intercourse
• Irregular menstrual bleeding
• Fever, nausea, or ovulation-related pain

Many women ignore these warning signs, allowing the infection to progress silently.

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Why Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Can Be Fatal?

Dr Khandelwal explains that PID is often called a ‘hidden danger’ because symptoms can appear late, when complications like infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, or pregnancy-related risks may already exist. In severe cases, untreated PID can even become life-threatening.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Prevention and Treatment

Early diagnosis is key. Tests may include pelvic examinations, ultrasounds, STI screenings, and medical history evaluations. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, while severe infections may require hospitalisation or surgery. Preventive measures include safe sex practices, regular STI screenings, timely treatment of vaginal or urinary infections, and ensuring partners are checked to avoid reinfection.

Dr Khandelwal emphasises, “Every woman should prioritise her reproductive health. Even if you feel fine, hidden threats like PID can exist. Be proactive, stay informed, and consult your doctor regularly.”

Pelvic health should never be ignored. Recognising risk factors, understanding silent symptoms, and taking preventive measures can help women avoid serious complications from PID. Staying attentive and proactive is the first step toward safe, healthy reproductive health.

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