Hepatitis C and Pregnancy: 3 Risks and 4 Important Facts for Moms-to-Be

Hepatitis C (HCV) is a viral infection that can sometimes pass from a mother to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth. While the risk of transmission is relatively low—around 5%—it is crucial for expecting mothers to understand the potential complications and how to manage them effectively. According to Dr Dhatchayani S, Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Manipal Hospital Sarjapur, early screening, careful monitoring, and timely medical guidance can safeguard both mother and child.

Risks of Hepatitis C During Pregnancy

Fetal Growth Restriction

Babies born to mothers with hepatitis C may grow more slowly in the womb, affecting overall development.

Low Birth Weight

There is a slightly higher chance that newborns may have a lower birth weight, which can impact their initial health and recovery.

Preterm Delivery

Pregnancy with hepatitis C carries a marginally increased risk of preterm birth, making early monitoring essential.

Hepatitis C and Pregnancy: Important Facts

Screening and Diagnosis Are Vital

All pregnant women should have a blood test for hepatitis C antibodies during their first prenatal visit. If positive, further tests like PCR for HCV RNA and liver function checks are recommended. Screening for other infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis is also advised.

Treatment Timing Matters

The safest time to treat hepatitis C is before pregnancy. Direct-acting antivirals are generally not recommended during pregnancy, so any ongoing treatment should be carefully discussed with a doctor.

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Safe Delivery Practices

To reduce the risk of passing the virus to the baby, invasive procedures are limited, and internal fetal monitoring or unnecessary episiotomies are avoided.

Post-Birth Care and Monitoring

Newborns require follow-up testing, PCR at three months or antibody tests after 18 months. Breastfeeding is safe unless nipples are cracked or bleeding. Most babies remain symptom-free, but some may need long-term monitoring if infection occurs.

Hepatitis C doesn’t have to overshadow the joy of pregnancy. With proper awareness, timely testing, and guidance from specialists like Dr Dhatchayani S, mothers-to-be can protect themselves and their babies while navigating this important phase safely.

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